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Genetic epistemology --- Genetic psychology --- Genetic epistemology. --- Genetic psychology.

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This summons clearly resonates with the “archetypical image” associated with water as a basic element, discussed in Chapter 2, water as the element of freedom, of mobility, of widening one’s horizon. Although Nietzsche himself refrained from doing what he summoned others to do, scientists like Darwin and novelists like Melville actually went to sea. Darwin, although regarded by Nietzsche as an arid 6 and mediocre mind, exposed himself to the experience of a long-term trans-oceanic voyage in the course of which he did discover new worlds, new justifications, new moral watchwords even (“struggle for life”) that were to have a tremendous impact on science, philosophy and even culture at large. Other perspectives are present in Moby-Dick as well, such as the theologian’s one, depicting the whale as the biblical Leviathan and the ocean as that part of the world where the great flood never abated. Indeed, the interpretation of marine p- nomena in Biblical terms is more or less omnipresent in the novel and also resounds in the views and language of the philosophical sailor and story-teller Ishmael. But what about the novelist’s whale? Actually, there is not one novelist’s whale. Ishmael-the-narrator unmistakably sides with the whaler’s point of view, but Melville-the-author is interested in, and tries to do justice to, a plurality of voices.

Knowledge, Theory of. --- Philosophy of nature. --- Nature --- Nature, Philosophy of --- Natural theology --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Genetic epistemology. --- Biology-Philosophy. --- History. --- Phenomenology . --- Epistemology. --- Philosophy of Biology. --- History of Science. --- Phenomenology. --- Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary. --- Philosophy, Modern --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Developmental psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Biology—Philosophy.

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In this book the author explores the shifting philosophical boundaries of modern medical knowledge and practice occasioned by the crisis of quality-of-care, especially in terms of the various humanistic adjustments to the biomedical model. To that end he examines the metaphysical, epistemological, and ethical boundaries of these medical models. He begins with their metaphysics, analyzing the metaphysical positions and presuppositions and ontological commitments upon which medical knowledge and practice is founded. Next, he considers the epistemological issues that face these medical models, particularly those driven by methodological procedures undertaken by epistemic agents to constitute medical knowledge and practice. Finally, he examines the axiological boundaries and the ethical implications of each model, especially in terms of the physician-patient relationship. In a concluding Epilogue, he discusses how the philosophical analysis of the humanization of modern medicine helps to address the crisis-of-care, as well as the question of “What is medicine?” The book’s unique features include a comprehensive coverage of the various topics in the philosophy of medicine that have emerged over the past several decades and a philosophical context for embedding bioethical discussions. The book’s target audiences include both undergraduate and graduate students, as well as healthcare professionals and professional philosophers. “This book is the 99th issue of the Series Philosophy and Medicine…and it can be considered a crown of thirty years of intensive and dynamic discussion in the field. We are completely convinced that after its publication, it can be finally said that undoubtedly the philosophy of medicine exists as a special field of inquiry.”.

Medicine --- Philosophy. --- Medical logic --- Medicine. --- Medicine-Philosophy. --- Genetic epistemology. --- Ethics. --- Metaphysics. --- Medicine/Public Health, general. --- Philosophy of Medicine. --- Biomedicine general. --- Epistemology. --- God --- Ontology --- Philosophy --- Philosophy of mind --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Values --- Developmental psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Biomedicine, general. --- Medicine—Philosophy. --- Health Workforce --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Psychology

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Dynamic Epistemic Logic is the logic of knowledge change. This is not about one logical system, but about a whole family of logics that allows us to specify static and dynamic aspects of multi-agent systems. This book provides various logics to support such formal specifications, including proof systems. Concrete examples and epistemic puzzles enliven the exposition. The book also contains exercises including answers and is eminently suitable for graduate courses in logic. A sweeping chapter-wise outline of the content of this book is the following. The chapter 'Introduction' informs the reader about the history of the subject, and its relation to other disciplines. 'Epistemic Logic' is an overview of multi-agent epistemic logic - the logic of knowledge - including modal operators for groups, such as general and common knowledge. 'Belief Revision' is an overview on how to model belief revision, both in the 'traditional' way and in a dynamic epistemic setting. 'Public Announcements' is a detailed and comprehensive introduction into the logic of knowledge to which dynamic operators for truthful public announcement are added. Many interesting applications are also presented in this chapter: a form of cryptography for ideal agents also known as 'the russian cards problem', the sum-and-product riddle, etc. 'Epistemic Actions' introduces a generalization of public announcement logic to more complex epistemic actions. A different perspective on that matter is independently presented in 'Action Models'. 'Completeness' gives details on the completeness proof for the logics introduced in 'Epistemic Logic', 'Public Announcements', and 'Action Models'. 'Expressivity' discusses various results on the expressive power of the logics presented. "I am very glad to see that three people so active in this area of knowledge update are bringing out this book. It should be of great help to graduate students as well as established researchers." Rohit Parikh, Distinguished Professor, City University of New York.

Logic. --- Epistemics. --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Methodology --- General semantics --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Artificial intelligence. --- Genetic epistemology. --- Computer science. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Epistemology. --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages. --- Informatics --- Developmental psychology --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Mathematical logic. --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Mathematics --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge

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Philosophical Lectures on Probability contains the transcription of a series of lectures held by Bruno de Finetti (one of the fathers of subjective Bayesianism) and collected by the editor Alberto Mura at the Institute for Advanced Mathematics in Rome in 1979. The book offers a live in-context outlook on de Finetti’s later philosophy of probability. On several points de Finetti’s remarks revise widespread interpretations of his thought and reveal to be topical in the light of recent developments. The book is enriched by an essay of Maria Carla Galavotti, introducing de Finetti’s philosophy of probability as well as biographical essential information. Moreover, it contains more than 180 editor’s notes, aimed at helping the reader to properly appreciate de Finetti’s thought and its impact on recent philosophical developments about probability. Philosophical Lectures on Probability is addressed to a wide-ranging audience, including epistemologists, philosophers of science, social scientists, statisticians, economists, historians of mathematics and statistics and, in general, to everyone is interested in subjective Bayesianism and related philosophical problems. The technical prerequisites of the book do not exceed high school mathematics. This does not, however, prevent an elevated standard from the conceptual viewpoint.

Probabilities --- Philosophy. --- Probability --- Statistical inference --- Combinations --- Mathematics --- Chance --- Least squares --- Mathematical statistics --- Risk --- Science --- Genetic epistemology. --- Distribution (Probability theory. --- Statistics. --- Social sciences. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Epistemology. --- Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes. --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- Statistics, general. --- Social Sciences, general. --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical methods --- Statistical science --- Econometrics --- Distribution functions --- Frequency distribution --- Characteristic functions --- Developmental psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Philosophy and science. --- Probabilities. --- Mathematics. --- History. --- Statistics . --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Math --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science and philosophy